William Larson

In the 70s and 80s artist William Larson took advantage of the duality of the fax machine — transmitting images as sound — by transmitting both images and sound in the first electronically mediated collages.

The Pantelegraph

Precursor to the fax machine, the pantelegraph was developed by Giovanni Caselli in the 1860s. A needle attached to the end of a pendulum "scanned" a sheet of paper, with the ink and paper producing different amounts of resistance, sent over telegram to another location with a closely synchronized pendulum.